回帖:三类词组动词的区分规则如下:
1 动词+介词(Verb + preposition)
这类短语动词的宾语不论是名词还是人称代词,都要放在短语动词的后面。
2 动词+副词(Verb + adverb)
这类短语动词相当于及物动词时,若宾语为名词,一般既可放在短语动词之后,也可放在动词和副词之间;若直接宾语为代词,则位于动词与副词之间。
3 动词+名词/代词+介词(Verb + noun/pronoun + preposition)
这类结构中间的名词前有时可加冠词或形容词,部分有固定搭配要求。
4 动词+副词+介词(Verb + adverb + preposition)
这类短语动词常可用于被动语态,部分要求跟有直接宾语。
1 动词+介词(Verb + preposition)
示例:
•He wants to check with his secretary before he signs the paper.(在签署该项文件之前,他想跟他的秘书商议一下。)
•He has been asked to account for his absence.(已要求他说明缺席的原因。)
「不及物动词+介词」可分为两类:
•a) 动词bao留字面含义,与介词有固定关系,属于介词动词,例如:to go into the laboratory(进入实验室)、to arrive at the station、to live (或者exist) on food(靠食物维持生命)。
•b) 动词和介词构成习惯性、比喻性的语义单位,属于短语动词,一般允许有相应的被动态,例如:to go into the figures carefully(仔细检查数字)、to come to a decision(作出决定)、to come into effect(生效,实行)。对应的被动示例:The important conclusion was arrived at yesterday.、He is a man to be depended on.(他是个靠得住的人。)
注意部分短语动词不能用被动语态,例如con sist of、serve as等。
2 动词+副词(Verb + adverb)
这类短语动词有的相当于及物动词,示例:
•to turn up the radio(把收音机开大)
•to take up water(吸水)
•Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only.
这类短语动词一般都可以构成被动语态,例如:Trains stop here in order that passengers are picked up only.
部分及物短语动词有固定模式,不允许随意调整副词位置,多出现于短语动词与宾语有牢固习语关系、语义从字面转向比喻的情况,例如:
•They had given up hope. 不能变为They had given hope up.
•Get that parcel off right away!(寄出)不能变为Get off that parcel right away!
•Crying my eyes out. 不能变为crying out my eyes.
短语动词与动词和副词自由组合的区分标准:
1.短语动词无法孤立根据动词和副词的意义预测结合后的意义,例如catch on(理解)、give in(投降)、blow up(爆炸);而自由组合中动词和副词意义可拆分,例如He walked past.(= past the object/place),动词和副词都可单独替换。
2.动词和副词的自由组合中,经常可以在副词和动词之间加修饰性副词right/straight,例如Go right / straight on.;而短语动词不可,例如不能说The prisoner broke right down.
3.自由组合可将副词放在动词前,同时主语为非代词时可主谓倒装,例如Out came the sun.;而短语动词不可,例如不能说Up blew the sun.
这类动词有的相当于不及物动词,示例:to flow off(流走;流下)、to come round(苏醒)、to look up(抬头看;兴旺)、The picnic came off(举行)at last after being twice postponed.
3 动词+名词/代词+介词(Verb + noun/pronoun + preposition)
结构中间的名词前有时可加冠词或形容词,示例:take (an active) part in、put an end to、to take (good) care of the children;部分固定搭配不能随意加形容词或限定词,例如to cross words with、give rise to(引起)、keep pace with(与…并进)。
这类短语动词常可用于被动语态,并且可以有两种形式,示例:
•In some countries, people are making use of the heat in the center of the earth. 对应的被动:The heat in the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries. / Use is being made of the heat in the center of the earth in some countries.
•The gang robbed her of her necklace. 对应的被动:She was robbed of her necklace (by the gang).
部分只有一种被动式,例如The lifeboat was suddenly caught sight of.;还有的不能用于被动式,例如to take part in、to find application in,以及直接宾语为反身代词的结构,例如He prides himself on his craftsmanship.
4 动词+副词+介词(Verb + adverb + preposition)
示例:to lead up to this subject(渐渐引到这个题目)、to do away with the old method(废弃旧方法)、You'll have to work very hard to make up f

