Three-Dimensional Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures
, `PYU[ A Physical Approach With Emphasis on Earthquake Engineering
Yxy!&hPLv: YC$>D? FW by
?D|kCw69SE Edward L. Wilson
y|=KrvMHJ Professor Emeritus of Structural Engineering
gF` hl YD University of California at Berkeley
?9%$g?3Z e,Z[Nox Copyright Computers and Structures, Inc., 1996-2001
fda4M The CSI Logo is a trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc.
3,EtyJ3[Bh SAP90, SAP2000, SAFE, FLOOR and ETABS are trademarks of
hYh~%^0dt Computers and Structures, Inc.
D<:zw/IRE ISBN 0-923907-00-9
FY-eoq0O3 r9*6=*J| Preface To Third Edition
U_hzSf This edition of the book contains corrections and additions to the July 1998 edition.
2'@D0L Most of the new material that has been added is in response to questions and comments
@-Y,9mM from the users of SAP2000, ETABS and SAFE.
=dwy 4 Chapter 22 has been written on the direct use of absolute earthquake displacement
@+1AYVz(k loading acting at the base of the structure. Several new types of numerical errors for
T 9'HQu absolute displacement loading have been identified. First, the fundamental nature of
d,o*{sM5d displacement loading is significantly different from the base acceleration loading
RP^vx`9h traditionally used in earthquake engineering. Second, a smaller integration time step is
qQIX:HWDKZ required to define the earthquake displacement and to solve the dynamic equilibrium
r&ys?@+G equations. Third, a large number of modes are required for absolute displacement
` 4?|yp.|L loading to obtain the same accuracy as produced when base acceleration is used as the
jcjl q-x loading. Fourth, the 90 percent mass participation rule, intended to assure accuracy of
.s?^y+e_ the analysis, does not apply for absolute displacement loading. Finally, the effective
x0%yz+i{: modal damping for displacement loading is larger than when acceleration loading is
;.<HpDfG_ used.
24
.'+3 To reduce those errors associated with displacement loading, a higher order integration
qu^~K.I " method based on a cubic variation of loads within a time step is introduced in Chapter
6oFA=CjU{ 13. In addition, static and dynamic participation factors have been defined that allow the
CMyz!jZ3 structural engineer to minimize the errors associated with displacement type loading. In
Gx4{ 9 addition, Chapter 19 on viscous damping has been expanded to illustrate the physical
8C? E1fH\ effects of modal damping on the results of a dynamic analysis.
Lxv6\3I+ Appendix H, on the speed of modern personal computers, has been updated. It is now
y2mSPLw possible to purchase a personal computer for approximately $1,500 that is 25 times
|j{]6Nu faster than a $10,000,000 CRAY computer produced in 1974.
u%6b |M@P Several other additions and modifications have been made in this printing. Please send
t BG
9Mn your comments and questions to
ed@csiberkeley.com.
4CtWEq Edward L. Wilson
1|AY&u%fiP April 2000
