In Europe and elsewhere the economically feasible water resources have been greatly developed until the 1970s. K.> wQA&
Although large dams belong to the first structures, which have been designed systematically against earthquakes 3+ OsjZ
since the 1930s, the seismic safety of these dams is unknown, as most of them have been designed using seismic :ipoD%@
design criteria and methods of analysis that are considered obsolete today. The fact that no major dams have 9x~-*8 aw
failed during earthquakes and that few lives have been lost (except in the case of tailings dam failures) may give -E&e1u,Mi
the impression that well-designed dams are safe against earthquakes. We need to re-evaluate the seismic safety ,<ya@Fi{
of existing dams based on current state-of-the-art practice and rehabilitate existing dams if necessary. [JTto!Ih$
Additionally, there are a large number of smaller dams, especially earth structures, which were built for E\2Ml@J
irrigation or water supply by organisations or villagers with little experience in dam construction. Earthquake FQeYx-7
effects on these dams have rarely been considered
