In Europe and elsewhere the economically feasible water resources have been greatly developed until the 1970s. "Tbnxx]J
Although large dams belong to the first structures, which have been designed systematically against earthquakes 9V!-ZG
since the 1930s, the seismic safety of these dams is unknown, as most of them have been designed using seismic `_AM` >_
design criteria and methods of analysis that are considered obsolete today. The fact that no major dams have HQVh+ (
failed during earthquakes and that few lives have been lost (except in the case of tailings dam failures) may give 7Ur?e p
the impression that well-designed dams are safe against earthquakes. We need to re-evaluate the seismic safety wvc>0?t '
of existing dams based on current state-of-the-art practice and rehabilitate existing dams if necessary. x/TGp?\g
Additionally, there are a large number of smaller dams, especially earth structures, which were built for {XY3Xo
irrigation or water supply by organisations or villagers with little experience in dam construction. Earthquake Fxd{ Zk`
effects on these dams have rarely been considered
