In Europe and elsewhere the economically feasible water resources have been greatly developed until the 1970s. (i L*1f
Although large dams belong to the first structures, which have been designed systematically against earthquakes ~`Rar2%B
since the 1930s, the seismic safety of these dams is unknown, as most of them have been designed using seismic ufCpX>lNF
design criteria and methods of analysis that are considered obsolete today. The fact that no major dams have
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failed during earthquakes and that few lives have been lost (except in the case of tailings dam failures) may give X;H\u6-|>6
the impression that well-designed dams are safe against earthquakes. We need to re-evaluate the seismic safety Vpne-PW
of existing dams based on current state-of-the-art practice and rehabilitate existing dams if necessary. NXQ=8o9,9
Additionally, there are a large number of smaller dams, especially earth structures, which were built for Jz=|-F(Sy
irrigation or water supply by organisations or villagers with little experience in dam construction. Earthquake !zvjgDlZv
effects on these dams have rarely been considered
