In Europe and elsewhere the economically feasible water resources have been greatly developed until the 1970s. IlwHHt;njp
Although large dams belong to the first structures, which have been designed systematically against earthquakes .Xk D2~;
since the 1930s, the seismic safety of these dams is unknown, as most of them have been designed using seismic *wsZ aQ
design criteria and methods of analysis that are considered obsolete today. The fact that no major dams have u.G aMl4 (
failed during earthquakes and that few lives have been lost (except in the case of tailings dam failures) may give ! Eb|AHa
the impression that well-designed dams are safe against earthquakes. We need to re-evaluate the seismic safety FA \U4l-
of existing dams based on current state-of-the-art practice and rehabilitate existing dams if necessary. Sk C.A ?
Additionally, there are a large number of smaller dams, especially earth structures, which were built for 2s> BNWTU
irrigation or water supply by organisations or villagers with little experience in dam construction. Earthquake "'GhE+>Z
effects on these dams have rarely been considered
