6结论?
#Tei0B7 B{R [z%Y 青藏高原虹吸效应由三要素组成:高寒吸走并凝聚中亚的水分;高原地处北半球使得南坡雪水融化速率高于北坡;高原东西走向的山脉结构使高原雪水流入印度洋和太平洋。其总效果是将中亚水分排到海洋。这一虹吸效应是全球气候变暖的重要因素之一,它导致中国北方沙漠化,增加环球沙尘暴,提高中亚气温,触发西伯利亚冻土和北冰洋冰川的融化。?
jLM([t / Ws>;0 大西线可以扭转虹吸效应。扭转的虹吸效应以青藏高原的高寒凝聚印度洋潮湿空气中的水汽,这些被凝聚的淡水以雪水的形式流入高原河流,大西线将其中部分水量导入青藏高原以北地区。总效果是将印度洋水虹吸到中亚。?
,dR.Sacv &3Yj2Fw 全球气候是一个复杂的系统,如果青藏高原冰川消失,则逆转虹吸效应无法形成。因此,大西线工程有时间紧迫性。大西线不单解决中国北方用水问题,而且解决欧亚大陆生态保护问题,也是降低中亚气温,保护青藏高原冰川的重要措施,是人类努力减缓全球气候变暖的一部分。?
?&;_>0P ah hl 参考文献:?
m$=}nI(H a#"orc j [1]Sturm, M. et al., Meltdown in the North, Scientific American 289 (4) 60?67 (2003).?
*Z^`H!& '~Cn+xf4] [2]Sheng, C. et al. , General Review of Chinese Climates, Beijing: Science Press (1986)
A&)2m |T@SlNi] [3]Editor, The Irresistible Desert, Environment, 46(5) 4 (2004).?
n@xQ-v |=*)a2 [4]Geist, H. J. and E. F. Lambin, Dynamic Causal Patterns of Desertification, BioScience, 54(9) 817?829, (2004).?
nq HpYb6I0 M:GpyE% [5]
{0w2K82 J@2wPKh?Yp Bollasina, M. and S. Benedit, The Role of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau with the Asian Monsoon System, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, July (2004).?
`-.2Z
0 |Z94@uB [6]Tregear, T.R., The Geography of China, London: University of London Press, Second Impression, (1966)?
pB\:.?.pd `WN80d\)& [7]Kaser, G. et al. Modern GlacierRetreat on Kilimanjaro as Evidence of Climate Change: Observation and Facts, Int. J. Climatol. 24: 329?339 (2004).?
Er%&y >5#}/G& [8]Zhao, S., Physical Geography of China, Beijing: Science Press and New York: John Wiley & Sons (1986).?
)ds]fvMW]N [K$5Rm5 [9]Lin, N.F. and J. Tang, Geological Environment and Causes for Desertification in Arid?Semiarid Regions in China, Environmental Geology, 41: 806?815 (2002).?
:ujpLIjvVG $8rnf [10]Wang, Y and G. Dong, Sand Sea history of the Taklimakan for the past 30,000 years, Geografiska Annaler, 76 A (3) 131?141 (1994).??
:CW^$Zvq '(FC
[11]Feng, Q., K.N. Endo and G.D. Cheng, Towards sustainable development of the environmentally degraded arid rivers of China?a case study from Tarim River, Environmental Geology, 41:229?238 (2001).?
vQyY
% IycZ\^5 *- [12]Yi, X., The imperative needs to rein desertification on northern China, China Terrestrial Resources,
http://www.cigem.gov.cn/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=2511 (2005) .?
Vx2/^MiXy Te
L&6F$ [13]Yang, X. et al., The evolution of dry lands in northern China and in the Republic of Mongolia since the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary International, 118?119: 69?85 (2004).?
Yi?bY 1P(=0\P>& [14]Dairaku, K. et al., Regional Climate Simulation over Asia under Global Warming Nested in the CCSR/NIES AGCM, AOGS/APHW Conference, 56?JSD?A365, Singapore, (2004).
http://www.wrrc.dpri.kyoto?u.ac.jp/~aphw/APHW2004/proceedings/JSD/56?JSD?A365/56?JSD?A365.pdf?
in/~' u `
PQQU~^ [15]Yang, M. et al., Desertification and its relationship with permafrost degradation in Qinghai?Xizang Plateau, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 39:47?53 (2004).?
w~)tEN> SMD*9&, [16]UNEP, An Overview of Our Changing Environment, United Nation Environment Program2004/05 year book.?
$BMXjXd} 4NW!{Vw , [17]Lioubimtseva, E. et al., Impacts of Climate and Land?Cover Change in Arid Lands of Central Asia, Journal of Arid Enviornment 62 (2):285?308, Jul (2005).?
:MY=Q]l P%lD9<jED [18]NSBD, West Route Project,
http://www.nsbd.gov.cn/zx/english/wrp.htm, (2004)?
\Q(a`6U Q5T3 [19]Smil, Vaclav, The Bad Earth, M. E. Sharpe Inc. New York 1984.