教你知道怎样读文章和写论文的网站[转贴] [复制链接]

how to read a paper
http://binfo.ym.edu.tw/edu/seminars/read_paper.htm
How to read a paper and write a critique
http://www-robotics.usc.edu/~gaurav/CS599-IES/tips.html
Efficient Reading of Papers in Science and Technology
http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~dylan/efficientReading.html
How to read an original scientific research paper
http://users.path.ox.ac.uk/~svhunt/internal/inforetr/PAPRREAD.htm
How to do it all
http://www.daimi.aau.dk/~khm/cs/little_phd.html
Critical Appraisal of the Literature
http://www.medscape.com/content/1999/00/41/78/417866/417866_ref.html
How to read a paper
http://www.shef.ac.uk/ski/academic/lectures/reading.ppt
How to Read a Scientific Paper
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc568/papers.htm
How to Read a Paper
http://bmj.com/collections/read.shtml
Users' Guides for the Medical Literature
http://www.cche.net/principles/content_all.asp
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (UGI Learner)
http://www.usersguides.org/institution.asp
How to Find and Use in the Life Sciences Guides, Pathfinders and other Aids
http://library.wustl.edu/subjects/life/howto.html
On Being A Scientist: Responsible Conduct In Research
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/obas/content.html
Guide To Critical Reading of Primary Literature
http://www.rpi.edu/~ploppg/ReadingPapers.htm
HOW TO READ A PAPER FROM THE PRIMARY ECOLOGICAL LITERATURE
http://www.okstate.edu/artsci/botany/bisc3034/readpaper.html

How to write a paper
http://www.azmaj.org/PPT/Publish.ppt
Writing and Presenting Your Thesis or Dissertation
http://learnerassociates.net/dissthes/
How to Write a Term Paper
http://www.gale.com/free_resources/term_paper/index.htm
How to Write A Paper in Scientific Journal Style and Format
http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/writing/HTWtoc.html
Writing a Research Paper
http://www.lib.sfu.ca/researchhelp/writing/ureadwri.htm
How to Write a Research Paper
http://www.msvu.ca/library/paper2.htm
step-by-step help
http://www.libraryspot.com/features/paperfeature.htm
How to search
http://www.ruralhealth.utas.edu.au/OLGA/adv-how.htm

如何讀學術報告
充份瞭解題目
一個好的題目能讓讀者立即瞭解一篇報告的重點，而且文中的觀察或論證可支持題目所希望達到的目標。
仔細地去瞭解題目中每一個名詞的意義，並問你自己
這個題目的重要性是什麼？它使我們對生命多瞭解了些什麼？
如果是你來做這個題目，你會怎樣做？你會使用那些技術來觀察或證明？
那些是必須有的控制實驗？
如果你對這個題目太生疏，則在讀完摘要、甚至緒論後再思索[２]中的三個問題。
閱讀圖形與表格
因為你已思考過你要如何來研究這題目，你只要瀏覽圖表即可驗證你的想法與作者是否相似。越是用此法鍛鍊你的思考，你會發現你想對的機會越大，甚至你會開始批判作者的做法，因為你可能比作者想的更清楚。
如果發現作者所做的與自己所想的不同，先不要急著到結果中尋找作者的邏輯，而要先思考作者為什麼要這樣做，想清楚了或是實在想不出才去看作者的想法。
圖表所代表的是客觀的結果，即使作者的推論是不正確的，只要作者有適當的控制實驗，其圖表仍可被用來支持你自己的論點。直接看圖表的好處是可以擺脫作者的思考模式，而獨立地思考、分析這些客觀的結果。
想想圖表中的數據是否合理(與過去所熟悉的理論或實驗結果是否相悖？)若不合理就要去探究原因，此時往往要翻閱實驗方法是否正確，也要思考控制實驗是否不恰當。
在科學界幾個作假的案例，都是因為別人在獨立之分析實驗的結果時發現的，(雖然文字敘述的結果對初學者或對此領域不熟悉的人是很有用的，我們仍應重視圖表而非文字敘述的結果。）
討論的分析
等到你看完結果，首先應試著由圖表中下一些結論，再看看你所做的結論與題目所宣示的是否相合？會不會有證據不足的狀況？
仔細閱讀作者的討論，確定你真正瞭解作者的想法，再與你所分析的結論比較。
思考應如何評論這篇報告
我個人將學術報告分為下列五類：

突破，像 Watson 與 Crick 發現 DNA 結構。
有趣的題目，有創意而且嚴謹(有恰當之控制實驗)。
追隨時代潮流，無創意，但實驗嚴謹。
題目有趣，但結果之可信度有待未來實驗之證實。
題目無趣、無創意，實驗亦不嚴謹。（往往只是為應付發表的壓力而投稿的）
思考如何將這篇文章分類
在學習的過程中你應利用上課所學整理出一個屬於你自己的架構，就像圖書館中的書架一樣，當你看完一篇報告，你必須判斷該把它放在書架上的那一格？這一連串的思考將使你對此篇文章印象深刻。

結論
像以上這樣唸一篇報告確要花許多時間，可是精讀一篇文章往往可以讓你可以舉一反三，迅速地瞭解同一類型的文章。更重要的是這種方式在培養你建立獨立思考及批判的能力。

How to read a paper and write a critique:
For this class, you'll need to produce a written critique of several papers each week. Your critique should be no more than a page long.

Main contribution: The objective is to understand the main message in the paper. What do the authors want to get across in the paper ? Details are less important. Thus in order to write an effective one-page critique of the paper, you should first be able to summarize the contributions of the paper in a line or two to yourself.

Claims: What are the main claims the authors make in the paper ? How well are these substantiated in the paper ? If they aren't - why not ? What are some alternatives ?

Assumptions: What the assumptions underlying the work ? Are they justified ? Why/why not ? Could some of the assumptions be relaxed ? Could some assumptions be discarded ? Are there implicit, unstated assumptions that are significant ?

Methodology: What method do the authors use to justify their claims ? Is it rational ? What are some alternatives ? Are the authors justified in the use of their methodology ?

Clarity: Is the paper clearly written (I don't mean only good English, though thats a part of it) ? Does it flow logically from one section to the next ?

How to give a presentation in class:

You are required to present a paper in class. You should have read the paper thoroughly, and have written a critique. In addition you should prepare a presentation (powerpoint preferable) to accompany your talk. Your presentation should be aimed to last for about 40 minutes. Summarize the paper in some depth and then critique it. Conclude with a summary. If possible, compare the paper to others you have read in class. The presentation should be bullets/figures/pictures. Do not copy large pieces of text from the paper into your slides.

For tips by others on paper reading/presentation see:

Maja Mataric, USC, How to Present a Paper

Ashwin Ram, GaTech, How to Present a Paper

Spencer Rugaber, GaTech, How to Read a Research Paper

Armando Fox, Stanford, Paper Writing and Presentations

谢了。。

好东西 值得学习 谢谢了
   

个人的见解最能令人信服

多谢楼主分享哦！！！！！！！！  ！！！！！！！！

So, once you've made it to the search page of a database, what do you need to know to start searching? This section provides some generic information. A number of databases have some of their own advanced individual features, but this section should get you going quite well.

多谢楼主分享。

谢谢楼主！！！！

多谢楼主分享。

有没有中文的，英文看起来累啊