6结论?
)-"L4TC) o5XUDDi 青藏高原虹吸效应由三要素组成:高寒吸走并凝聚中亚的水分;高原地处北半球使得南坡雪水融化速率高于北坡;高原东西走向的山脉结构使高原雪水流入印度洋和太平洋。其总效果是将中亚水分排到海洋。这一虹吸效应是全球气候变暖的重要因素之一,它导致中国北方沙漠化,增加环球沙尘暴,提高中亚气温,触发西伯利亚冻土和北冰洋冰川的融化。?
FEmlC,% ZDmk<}A-U 大西线可以扭转虹吸效应。扭转的虹吸效应以青藏高原的高寒凝聚印度洋潮湿空气中的水汽,这些被凝聚的淡水以雪水的形式流入高原河流,大西线将其中部分水量导入青藏高原以北地区。总效果是将印度洋水虹吸到中亚。?
qm5pEort t6e-~ 全球气候是一个复杂的系统,如果青藏高原冰川消失,则逆转虹吸效应无法形成。因此,大西线工程有时间紧迫性。大西线不单解决中国北方用水问题,而且解决欧亚大陆生态保护问题,也是降低中亚气温,保护青藏高原冰川的重要措施,是人类努力减缓全球气候变暖的一部分。?
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