Actually, 4D spacing is medium value for avoiding the pile-soil-pile interaction (shadow effect). c3i|q@ k
RiaO`|1
The p-multiplier for pile-soil-pile interaction in p-y curve method will reach 1 when the spacing D@5&xd_@4
$9Y2\'w<h6
equal 6D (O'Neill 1998). This p-multiplier is about 0.8 when S/D=4. All the results are based on Mz+|~'R
0xIr:aFF
many tests(different soil(sand, clay), different pile length) including site test and centrifuge [,|KVc=&H
?i)-K?4Sb
test(Chang 2003). 44RZk|U1J{
hG&RGN_<6+
In China, we choose Spacing more than 4D, it shows that the pile-soil-pile effect is less 20%. (acceptable)