Actually, 4D spacing is medium value for avoiding the pile-soil-pile interaction (shadow effect). 7d'4"c;*;
^_)CQ%W?
The p-multiplier for pile-soil-pile interaction in p-y curve method will reach 1 when the spacing P#rwYPww\
wF3mQ_hv:@
equal 6D (O'Neill 1998). This p-multiplier is about 0.8 when S/D=4. All the results are based on LNk
3=v2M
od?Q&'A
many tests(different soil(sand, clay), different pile length) including site test and centrifuge b\]"r x
(
u+th?KO`
test(Chang 2003). |~v($ c
(WN 'wp
In China, we choose Spacing more than 4D, it shows that the pile-soil-pile effect is less 20%. (acceptable)