1 Introduction 1 _nt%&f
2 Review of Literature 3 8~bPoWP
2.1 Introduction to tunnelling methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 U7N<!6
2.2 Prediction of settlements - semi-empirical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 V l%k:
2.3 Prediction of settlements - analytical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 spf}{o
2.3.1 Closed formsolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 R.7"ZG
2.3.2 Numerical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
J&?kezs
2.4 Case studies of greenfield settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 s?G@k} {
2.5 Prediction of damage to buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 -MZ Eli g
2.5.1 Early empirical methods and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 @9L9c
2.5.2 Calculation of building strains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 ~Hq
2'
2.5.3 Influence of surface structure on settlement profile . . . . . . . . . . 29 /\.kH62
2.5.4 Numerical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Jq->DzSmj/
2.5.5 Current damage assessment methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 e-WaK0Ep
2.6 Case studies of building damage prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 |cacMgly
3 Aims and Outline 43 3y!CkJKv
3.1 Conclusions fromliterature review and research opportunities . . . . . . . 43 ,DjZDw
3.2 Project aims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 fHiCuF
3.3 Project outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 VmW_,
4 Building Facade Analysis - Elastic 47 n.)-aRu[
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4