Actually, 4D spacing is medium value for avoiding the pile-soil-pile interaction (shadow effect). 6.[)`iF+#
^ESUMXb
The p-multiplier for pile-soil-pile interaction in p-y curve method will reach 1 when the spacing wZQ)jo7*g
*,17x`1e
equal 6D (O'Neill 1998). This p-multiplier is about 0.8 when S/D=4. All the results are based on NddO*`8+)
GLCAiSMz[
many tests(different soil(sand, clay), different pile length) including site test and centrifuge s'TY[
tj[ c#@[B
test(Chang 2003). \0nlPXk?G
B_hPcmB
In China, we choose Spacing more than 4D, it shows that the pile-soil-pile effect is less 20%. (acceptable)